What is a Rose Got to Do By it? The Art and Symbolism of Roses

On New Year's Day, I used to be madly switching television channels so that you can benefit from the myriad of morning parade offerings seemingly available only to those that had spent a rather sober evening before. Throughout the Tournament of Roses Parade, the announcer mentioned that this rose was a symbol of life. I reflected on his comment for just a moment. While I had always taken it for granted, I began to wonder exactly how the rose became symbolic for that pro-life movement.

pro-life

The Rose in Antiquity
In accordance with Wikipedia, the red rose was traditionally linked to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, and her attendants, these graces. The rose seemed to be connected with Flora, symbolizing love and wonder. "As written in context as Ovid, Flora was pursued by Zephyr, the west wind, who married her making her the mother of Spring. The Floralia was the festival with this Roman goddess with the flowers and was celebrated on May 1.

pro-choice

Close-up of Cloris (Greek term for Flora) from Botticelli's Primavera
"The goddess [Flora] replied to my questions, as she talks, her lips breathe spring roses." - Ovid, Fasti 5. 193

The rose was sacred to a quantity of goddesses, including Isis and Aphrodite. The ancient Greeks and Romans identified the rose using their goddesses of love, Aphrodite and Venus. In Rome an outrageous rose can be placed on the entranceway of an room where secret or confidential matters were discussed. The idea of sub rosa, or 'under the rose,' means to keep a secret, based on this Roman practice."
In Persian and Indian culture, "gardens were a foretaste of paradise," writes editors Andrew Moore and Christopher Garibaldi in flower power: This is of Flowers in Art.

MCFL News :: What's a Rose Have got to Do By it? The Art and Symbolism of Roses
The Rose in Christianity
Inside Rose, A Marian Symbol, Br. John Samaha says, " In Latin Christian iconography the initial use of the rose appears in the scenes representing the subsequent world, paradise, together with the lily along with other flowers. These flowers also became symbols of virtues and also types of the elect; for example, the red rose for martyrs, and also the lily for virgins. The rose because queen of flowers was evidently a privileged symbol for Mary, Queen of heaven and earth."
The truly great art historian Emile Male, wrote, "To the center Ages art was didactic. Everything that it turned out needed that men should be aware of - world history from creation, the dogmas of religion, the types of the saints, the hierarchy in the virtues, the range of the sciences, crafts and arts - all these were taught through the windows of the church or from the statues within the porch.
The "Key" of Melito, developed in the 9th or 10th century, asserted roses signified the blood of martyrs. The identical object could have several meanings." - Emile Male, The Gothic Image, Religious Art in France with the Thirteenth Century.
"In St. Bernard's day the zenith in the Romanesque epoch - the animals and flowers decorating the cloisters and churches were for the most part copied from classical, byzantine and oriental originals which this is wasn't any longer understood. Not everything might be interpreted symbolically, some images were chosen since they were appealing aesthetically."
The Cistercian monk St. Bernard of Clairvaux, c. 1090 - 1153, wrote a series of 86 sermons around the Song of Songs. St. Bernard "suggests that this ecstatic union from the human soul with God is analogous for the bliss of wife (soul) and husband (God). Your beloved partner is sometimes considered analogous towards the Virgin Mary, Queen of Heaven, just like Christ, Mary's celestial "partner" and consort, is King of Heaven," continues Br. Samaha.
"The influence from the Song of Songs resulted in the rose symbolizing the mystical union between Christ and his Church, or between God and every person in his people. Because Mary was honored since the type of our union with God, the rose became a privileged symbol of the union between Christ and Mary. The litany of Loreto includes the title, 'Mystical Rose.'

Madonna inside the Rose Bower, Engraving by
Francesco Raibolini, 1448-1517

"The Marian symbolism is well illustrated by Dante in the description of Paradise. His guide Beatrice, invites him to contemplate one of the heavenly inhabitants the beauty of Mary, the caretaker of God:
'Why have you been so enamored of my face you do not turn your gaze on the beautiful garden which blossoms underneath the radiance of Christ? You have the Rose when the Divine word became flesh; listed here are the lilies whose perfume guides you inside the right ways.' (Paradiso, 23, 71-75)"

"The rose as being a symbol for Mary was well-established before Dante. It's there within the rosary to Dominic, and in the many-petaled rose windows in the Gothic cathedrals," said Professor Anthony Esolen. "So Dante's technique rose originated a tradition he inherited; and later on in Paradise, as an example in cantos 31 and 32, he will describe a visions with the saints as coming to him as a mystic rose. A rosary, in addition, is really a garden of roses."

Colin B. Donovan of EWTN writes, "Rosary means a crown of roses, a spiritual bouquet provided to the Blessed Mother."